record F cijkl = Picture 2 + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )
ijkl and yijkl equal 0. xijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and yijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), xijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, yijkl equals 1 if k < l>
2nd, we size ining the way the likelihood of hukou intermarriage change with each wife or husband’s training (Gullickson and you may Torche, 2014), therefore after that consider adaptation from inside the business replace between the two places.
log F cijkl = Formula dos + ? p = step 1 dos ? p you pij + ? q = step 1 2 ? q w qij + ? c ? p = step 1 dos ? p you pij + ? c ? q = 1 2 ? q w qij
When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both upij and wqij equal 0. upij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and wqij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), upij equals 1 if k >p and wqij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), upij equals 1 if l > p and wqij equals 1 if k > q.
Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?p and ?q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Descriptive Performance
Descriptive results in Desk 1 tell you hukou locality pairings away from partners because of the town. In Shanghai, regarding 47% out of micro-census was basically developed anywhere between several migrants; in the Shenzhen, one to payment is actually over 70%. About 38% of marriage ceremonies with it several local spouses into the Shanghai, whereas 15% from marriage ceremonies had a couple of regional partners inside Shenzhen. Obviously, some one tended to wed within their hukou condition category both in locations. Both in places, marriages between a district husband and you can an excellent migrant partner was much probably be than simply marriage ceremonies anywhere between good migrant husband and you can a neighbor hood spouse to happen (13% versus. 3% in the Shanghai and you can 11% compared to. 4% when you look at the Shenzhen). The brand new part of hukou locality homogamy is similar on the a few urban centers. But japanilaiset miehet dating site really, we need to understand the outcome which have alerting, given that express out of migrants is different throughout these one or two locations. This new cousin sized migrants and you may locals creates structural marital options for folks to get prospective partners and finally ). Log-linear research allows us to take a look at the level of hukou homogamy, websites of your compositional consequences, by the controlling having marginal distributions out-of hukou condition.
Desk step 1.
I very first expose this new withdrawals out of education attainment having migrant husbands, regional husbands, migrant spouses, and you can regional spouses in the for every city, correspondingly, for the Figure 1 . Typically, migrants are less experienced than simply natives, irrespective of gender, both in Shanghai and you will Shenzhen. Certainly one of migrants, men are top educated than just ladies in each other Shanghai and Shenzhen. Conversely, certainly locals, brand new gender gap within the education was often brief if not corrected: regional dudes normally are merely somewhat finest knowledgeable than simply its female equivalents inside Shenzhen, and you will regional feminine typically be a little more educated than simply their men counterparts when you look at the Shanghai. Log-linear habits control on education inequalities between everyone and between locals and you may migrants to capture the new connectivity ranging from spouses’ studies and ranging from informative and hukou area assortative mating, websites of your limited distributions out of spouses’ qualities.